In cryptography, encryption is the method of transforming information (referred to as plaintext) using an algorithm (called cipher) to make it badly written to anyone except those possessing particular knowledge, generally referred to as a key. The end result of the process is encrypted information (in cryptography, referred to as ciphertext). In numerous contexts, the word encryption as well implicitly refers to the reverse process, decryption (e.g. “software for encryption” can characteristically also carry out decryption), to make the encrypted information clear again (i.e. to make it unencrypted).
Encryption has extensive been used by militaries and governments to make easy secret communication. Encryption is at present used in protecting information within many kinds of civilian systems, for example computers, networks (e.g. the Internet e-commerce), mobile telephones, wireless intercom systems, wireless microphones, Bluetooth devices and bank automatic teller machines. Encryption is furthermore used in digital rights management to avoid unauthorized use or reproduction of copyrighted material and in software as well to protect against reverse engineering.
Encryption, by itself, can keep the confidentiality of messages, on the other hand other techniques are still wanted to look after the integrity and authenticity of a message; for example, verification of a message authentication codes (MAC) or a digital signature. Standards and cryptographic software and hardware to carry out encryption are broadly available, but fruitfully using encryption to make sure security may be a challenging problem. A single slip-up in system design or implementation can allow successful attacks. At times an adversary can get unencrypted information without frankly undoing the encryption.
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